The remit of the Federal Ministry of Justice and Consumer Protection includes three of the total of five supreme federal courts. The Ministry is responsible for preparing the selection of the judges for the three supreme federal courts within its remit, i.e. for the Federal Court of Justice, the Federal Administrative Court and the Federal Finance Court.

Federal judges are chosen jointly by the Minister and a judge selection committee, comprising the competent ministers from the sixteen Länder and an equal number of members elected by the Bundestag (article 95 para. 2 of the Basic Law).

The Ministry is also involved at the preparatory stage in the selection of judges for the Federal Constitutional Court. Half of the judges of the Federal Constitutional Court are elected by the Bundestag and half by the Bundesrat (article 94 para. 1 of the Basic Law).

• The Federal Court of Justice based in Karlsruhe with two panels in Leipzig
• The Federal Administrative Court based in Leipzig
• The Federal Finance Court based in Munich

In addition, the following are also part of the Ministry's remit:

• The Office of the Federal Public Prosecutor General based in Karlsruhe with an office in Leipzig
• The Federal Patent Court in Munich, which is competent for decisions at first instance in patent and trade mark matters
• The German Patent and Trade Mark Office in Munich with its office in Jena and its Information and Service Centre in Berlin
• The Federal Office of Justice in Bonn